Earth in Upheaval (Laurel edition) | Immanuel Velikovsky

book: Earth in Upheaval (Laurel edition) | Immanuel Velikovsky

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Earth in Upheaval ...

	Earth in Upheaval (Laurel edition) Immanuel Velikovsky Dell Pub. Co, 1968 - 288 pages average customer review:based on 1 review
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Debunking Darwinian Mythology

Earth in Upheaval, by Immanuel Velikovsky

The 'Preface' says this book is about the great changes in our planet, based on evidence from rocks, bodies, and fossils. There were great upheavals where species ceased to exist. Velikovsky says the land and the sea changed places in historical times and were documented in literature, epics, and oral traditions. Because of prior criticisms, this book will rely on "stones and bones" as the evidence. The 'Acknowledgments' list the people he consulted with. Velikovsky states that facts gathered in the last century refute the theory of slow evolution molding the world (p.9). "The Aquatic Graveyards" tell of sudden and widespread destruction.

Velikovsky tells how the reaction to the Napoleonic Wars led to a "Doctrine of Uniformity". The idea led to Darwin's theory of evolution, and a denial of rapid change. Charles Lyell admitted to "violations of continuity" in geological formations, but disregarded this since it didn't fit into his theory. Charles Darwin was a disciple of Lyell. Velikovsky tells of a case in west Yorkshire, 1450 feet above sea level, where under 12 feet of clay they found remains of the mammoth, rhinoceros, bison, hyena, hippopotamus, and other animals. Darwin made one trip to South America then used it for all his writings!

Velikovsky lists the many places where the broken bones of many animals imply a violent death from the elements, not slow extinction in a process of evolution ("Agate Spring Quarry") The entire Altiplano with its lakes rose from the bottom of the ocean given the remains of marine crustacea in Lake Titicaca ("Tiahuanacu in the Andes"). The Great African Rift may have been caused by tension which caused this split ("A Continent Torn Apart"). He also compares the Sahara and Gobi Deserts; a tectonic disturbance could have dried up rivers ("Arabia").

Chapter X begins by explaining the methods used to estimate the time of past events. It is not an exact science. Velikovsky explains the age of the Horseshoe Falls ("Niagara Falls") and the Mississippi River ("The Mississippi"). The fossil remains of humans and extinct animals suggests the Ice Age ended about 4,000 years ago ("Fossils in Florida"). The end of the Ice Age saw the extinction of many species, no matter how fit to survive ("Extinction"). Horses and camels died in the Americas but survived in Eurasia!

The theory of evolution dates back to Anaximander of classical Greece. Lamarck thought acquired characteristics would be inherited, and lead to new forms of life. Darwin's idea of evolution adopted Malthusian theory to explain "evolution"; Darwin did not agree with the theory of catastrophism (whose proponents went out of style). Darwin denied that changing physical conditions could affect life forms. Darwin realized his theory lacked proof of graduated changes. Any problem was dismissed as not being recorded in geology (the missing link). No new species have occurred in thousands of years, but species of animals have expired. Mutations can be caused by irritants: heat, chemicals, X-rays,; but these are freaks. Hybrids generally have no offspring. Velikovsky suggests that cosmic rays or radioactivity could have originated a new species. Thus only catastrophes could cause evolution. Catastrophes explain the demise of the mammoths which were highly developed, or larger animals (pp.258-259). "The End" summarizes the geological and paleontological records of earth in upheaval. An extra-terrestial agent created cosmic catastrophes that explains many world-wide phenomena.

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