book: Song structure may differ between male and female Least Flycatchers.: An article from:...

book: Song structure may differ between male and female Least Flycatchers.: An article from: Wilson Bulletin | Michael M. Kasumovic, Laurene M. Ratcliffe, ...

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Song structure may...

	Song structure may differ between male and female Least Flycatchers.: An article from: Wilson Bulletin Michael M. Kasumovic, Laurene M. Ratcliffe, ... Wilson Ornithological Society, 2003 - 8 pages
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This digital document is an article from Wilson Bulletin, published by Wilson Ornithological Society on September 1, 2003. The length of the article is 2208 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: Female song rarely has been examined in suboscines. This paper describes the context and structure of female Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus) songs. During two years, we observed 4 of 19 females singing, and although singing occurred infrequently, it occurred predominantly at the nest during incubation and brooding. Analysis of five songs from one female showed that the mean of this female's songs fell below the distribution of male songs for the internote interval, the minimum and maximum frequency, the frequency range, and the frequency at maximum amplitude of the first note of the two-note song. These results differ from other studies showing no sex differences in song structure of tyrannid flycatchers, suggesting further analyses of female song are warranted. Received 23 September 2002, accepted 01 May 2003.

Citation Details
Title: Song structure may differ between male and female Least Flycatchers.
Author: Michael M. Kasumovic
Publication: Wilson Bulletin (Refereed)
Date: September 1, 2003
Publisher: Wilson Ornithological Society
Volume: 115 Issue: 3 Page: 241(5)

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